The global governing body for athletics is World Athletics, formerly known as the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations). Founded in 1912 and based in Monaco, this organisation is responsible for establishing the official rules of athletics, overseeing international competitions such as the World Championships and the Diamond League, and validating records and performances under regulated conditions. It also plays a crucial role in the fight against doping and in promoting the development of athletics worldwide.

Within the international structure, there are also continental bodies that work in coordination with World Athletics. In Europe, the governing organisation is European Athletics, established in 1970. This body manages and regulates athletics competitions across the continent, such as the European Championships, the European Team Championships, and youth events, promoting the growth of the sport in European countries and encouraging cooperation among national federations.